{"id":1898,"date":"2026-08-19T08:52:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T08:52:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haktak.com\/?p=1898"},"modified":"2026-08-19T08:52:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T08:52:10","slug":"thermal-paste-vs-liquid-metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haktak.com\/vi\/thermal-paste-vs-liquid-metal\/","title":{"rendered":"Ke t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng: Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. Lo\u1ea1i keo n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u1eb9p r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gali c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho nh\u00f4m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Thermal<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i l\u1ea1i keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ee7i ro th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd (CPU) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GPU), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, m\u00e1y ch\u01a1i game, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thay th\u1ebf l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u00e1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (paste) l\u00e0m l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong ch\u1ea5t mang l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c polymer. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng (TIM) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. H\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Thermal<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u1eafp b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i b\u00f3ng, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng khe h\u1edf nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (TIM) s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ee1 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng mang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n r\u1eafn. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng mang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c silicone ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a silicone. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m oxit nh\u00f4m, oxit k\u1ebdm, nitrua bo, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u x\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, trong khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thay v\u00ec ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee7a Haktak\u2019s C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng trong giao di\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng (TIM) th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim gali c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00eam indi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 GaInSn, h\u1ee3p kim gali eutectic ho\u1eb7c Galinstan. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u x\u00e1m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong ma tr\u1eadn m\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim l\u1ecfng t\u1ef1 do. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan r\u1ed9ng, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u00e1m \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td>Ke t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/td>Ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng (TIM)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
H\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>C\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/td>R\u1ed9ng; tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/td>Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng; c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 niken v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/td><\/tr>
Dung sai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe<\/td>Kho\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/td><\/tr>
D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i<\/td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; c\u1eb7n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/td><\/tr>
Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t cao<\/td><\/tr>
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/td>Quy\u1ec1n mua l\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t di c\u01b0<\/td><\/tr>
Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i n\u00e0o an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n: Keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t hay kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00ec m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00f4i keo \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i keo c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i trong c\u1ee5m nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1eb5n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o, th\u00ec kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    An to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n: m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm socket ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1eafn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n. Xung quanh GPU kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch chip v\u00e0i milim\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1eb1m \u1edf quy m\u00f4. Ch\u1ea5t tr\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ea1c nh\u1ecf x\u00edu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e9p bao b\u00ec ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n x\u1ebfp s\u00e1t nhau. Vi\u1ec7c lau ch\u00f9i khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ebft d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t nh\u00e3o \u0111a d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb \u00e9p ra ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n gi\u00e0u carbon ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gali v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng g\u1ed1c gali kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m. Gali c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00f4m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n h\u00f3a nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. L\u1edbp anot h\u00f3a trong su\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt vi m\u00f4 tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng<\/a> Indium Corporation \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m. C\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea5m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1 niken, nh\u00f4m tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m anot h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra danh m\u1ee5c v\u1eadt t\u01b0, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 niken l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1 niken th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng (TIM). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ee3p kim gali c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft m\u00e0u x\u00e1m b\u1ea1c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u1ecfng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khi m\u1edf c\u1ee5m linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ra sau hai n\u0103m s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 trong video ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    An to\u00e0n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m tay ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb va \u0111\u1eadp. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra theo m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0103n ch\u1ee9a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o l\u1eafp c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p d\u1ea1ng kem th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb W\/mK kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sau khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"W\/mK<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n d\u1ea1ng kem, song s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. Nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n qua chip, v\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, t\u1ea5m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, t\u1ea5m l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n d\u1ea1ng kem b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u h\u1eb9p. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn t\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecf g\u00f3i silicon, t\u1ea5m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0y, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb W\/m\u00b7K, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau. Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Haktak v\u1ec1 T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n theo danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb W\/mK gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5t tr\u00e1m n\u00ean l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m vi m\u00f4, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m d\u00e0y. Khi l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (TIM). N\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 \u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh d\u00e0y h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng si\u00eau m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u0169ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng t\u1ef1 do s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a giao di\u1ec7n<\/a> \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, t\u00ednh l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p d\u00e1n, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u201ckim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng m\u00e1t h\u01a1n 10\u00b0C\u201d b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u1eafp CPU m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n hay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean chip tr\u1ea7n? Lo\u1ea1i keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf? C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea1t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh A\/B hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n