{"id":2009,"date":"2026-08-31T08:43:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T08:43:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haktak.com\/?p=2009"},"modified":"2026-08-31T08:45:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T08:45:25","slug":"when-to-avoid-pcm-thermal-pads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haktak.com\/vi\/when-to-avoid-pcm-thermal-pads\/","title":{"rendered":"Khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t PCM?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

M\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n pha ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t GPU. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c VRM c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. G\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PCM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111a n\u0103ng. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p m\u1ecfng, ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o l\u1eafp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i TIM kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"khi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PCM l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111a d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed PCM \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n r\u1eafn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thao t\u00e1c. Trong kho\u1ea3ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t PCM th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cpad\u201d d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m khe h\u1edf silicone l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m m\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf v\u1eadt l\u00fd. PCM gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t nhau h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>Bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o PCM<\/strong><\/td>H\u01b0\u1edbng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/td>Khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn, d\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc, nghi\u00eang ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng<\/td>S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m khe h\u1edf, gel ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t tr\u00e9t<\/td><\/tr>
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>M\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p<\/td>Ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng TIM<\/td><\/tr>
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/td>K\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng l\u1edbp d\u1ec5 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng<\/td>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u1eef ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00edt g\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung<\/td>TIM ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn<\/td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00f3<\/td><\/tr>
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>B\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra<\/td>\u01afu ti\u00ean l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/td><\/tr>
S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td>C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n<\/td>So s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u201cnh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d c\u1ee7a PCM th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh PCM khi khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"khi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n k\u00e9o m\u00e0ng b\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i. M\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. L\u00e0m \u1ea5m m\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng chung. VRAM, VRM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ebfm khi n\u1eb1m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch PCB, v\u00e0 dung sai c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n. PCM l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 vi m\u00f4; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i dung sai l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng keo v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. C\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng v\u00e1 c\u1eaft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 keo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 \u1ea9n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t khe h\u1edf danh ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang ho\u1eb7c cong v\u00eanh. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t, trong khi b\u00ean kia ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1m. Khi \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t T\u1ea5m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t PCM v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/a> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y. PCM t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt m\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m khe h\u1edf b\u1eb1ng silicone ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng silicone. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c chi\u1ec1u cao kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u1ea3nh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp r\u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a. Gel c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y x\u1ec7, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng r\u1ed7ng. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PCM ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"khi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t CPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 65\u00b0C trong khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ph\u00eda b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u1eabn l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng bao ph\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean TIM. B\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh l\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n pha ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t PCM<\/a> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. H\u00e3y \u0111o t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean v\u1ecf, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n TIM nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t PCM c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha cao. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p th\u1eed ng\u1eafn t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e3o h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c W\u00fcrth Elektronik WE-PCM \u2013 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> cho bi\u1ebft n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha ho\u1eb7c khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau 130\u00b0C. Con s\u1ed1 130\u00b0C \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 WE-PCM. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n pha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng SiC nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafp ca-p\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 PCM n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee1, gel, graphite ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i TIM. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh PCM n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"khi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00ednh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb; kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t preform c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 keo k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i gi\u1eef c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea3i va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn TIM d\u00e0nh cho m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t Wolfspeed<\/a> T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i ri\u00eang theo t\u1eebng m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u1ec1 burn-in, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng keo v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean sao ch\u00e9p quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 v\u00e0 bu-l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t package kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u1eef c\u01a1 kh\u00ed an to\u00e0n, PCM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. H\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf g\u00e1 l\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 keo d\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1p su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea1ng n\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u00e0n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0m cong v\u00eanh PCB, g\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng die.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4-men si\u1ebft t\u1ed1i \u0111a. C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, dung sai, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c fastener v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BGA d\u1ec5 h\u1ecfng, bo m\u1ea1ch m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cold plate th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac PCM \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. Gel m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f4i khi b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ea7n th\u00eam fastener ho\u1eb7c khung c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh PCM khi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o l\u1eafp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

PCM sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Khi nh\u1ea5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch, k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"khi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi gia c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i PCM v\u00e0 keo t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/a> bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o, c\u1eb7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 th\u1eed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra h\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee1 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 b\u00f4i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t. Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. M\u00e0ng graphite c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00e9p. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng PCM chung chung khi TIM ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m k\u00edn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u1eaft PCM chung chung ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TIM<\/strong><\/td>V\u00ec sao PCM th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/td>L\u1edbp d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i gia c\u01b0\u1eddng PCM, \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr>
G\u1eafn t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PCM kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef t\u1ea3i<\/td>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c keo d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr>
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f9 dung sai l\u1edbn<\/td>L\u1edbp PCM m\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/td>T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m khe h\u1edf, gel ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t nh\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n rung<\/td>PCM kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/td>\u0110\u1ec7m elastomer c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u00f3ng k\u00edn ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/td>PCM kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m k\u00edn v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>Gio\u0103ng, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fac bao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 PCM gia c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh h\u1edf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac sau l\u00e3o h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1eabu th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"khi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Keo d\u00e1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t sinh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh PCM khi quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

PCM cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n b\u1ebf khu\u00f4n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, l\u1edbp l\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111a ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. Khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t PCM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ebf khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m sai kh\u00e1c do ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chung c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. PCM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n, cu\u1ed9n, m\u1ea3ng, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in. C\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u00f2, th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1edf dang v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. M\u1ecdi thao t\u00e1c sau ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh PCM v\u00e0 m\u1ee1 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/a> n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n